IVAN PAVLOV & JOHN WATSON

IVAN PAVLOV

1. he wanted to figure out if dogs could salivate without the need to show them any kind of food.
2. His expiremnet consisted of many steps, at first he gave food to the dog, and the dog started to salivate. afterwards he gave the dog food and rang a bell, by doing this many times the dog started to salivate when Pavlov rang the bell even though no food appeared.
3. the conditional stimulus in his expirement was the bell, the unconditional stimulus was the food and the conditional response was the saliva of the dog.
4. extinction in realtion with classical conditioning means gradual weaking or gradual disapearance of the conditional response.
5.stimulus generalizations means a response to a specific stimulus and becomes associated to other stimuli and occurs to those other stimuli.
6. Stimulus discrimination is learning to respond to one stimulus and not another, in relation withclassical conditioning.
7. two limitations of this expiremnet are, that the results with humans could change. also Pavlov had to change the route of salivation glands.
8. pavlov theorized that we learned by association.

JOHN WATSON

1.the little Albert expirement was conducted by steps. at first when he was nine months old Watson exposed the little bay to many things like rat, monkeys, masks with hair and wth no hair, rabbit, dogs etc. two months later they exposed the same creatures to little albert, but they made noisy sounds so he could fear to the creatures shown.
2. the conditionla stimules was the white rat, the unconditional stimuls was the loud nouses, and the conditioned response was the little baby cries.
3. this experiment was unethical and this could never be tested on humans again even worst little babies.
4.The more frequent a stimulus and response to occur in association with each other, the stronger that habit will become.
5.The response that has most recently occurred after a particular stimulus is the response most likely to be associated with that stimulus
6. Watson said that psychology had nothing to do with the mind or humans instead with the behavior, this way people could be studied objectively like lab rats.

WORK CITED:

http://nobelprize.org/educational/medicine/pavlov/readmore.html
http://teachnet.edb.utexas.edu/~Lynda_abbot/Behaviorism.html

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little_Albert_experiment

 

Articles about sleep

high school students with a delay start to school
1. this study was authored by Zaw W. Htwe, MD, he worked on Norwalk Hospital's Sleep Disorders Center in Norwalk.
2. this method was to see if students begining school 40 minutes later it would make them be more concentrated throught the classes. he focused on 259 high school students who completed the condensed School Sleep Habits Questionnaire.

3. the findings are that following a 40-minute delay in start time, the students utilized 83 percent of the extra time for sleep.students slept significantly longer on school nights. Total sleep time on school nights increased 33 minutes. this makes students be foucused on each class of the day.

4. in my opinion this is a bad idea and it will be th same. i think this because each student will get use to that schedule and will start to sleep at an even later time of the night. also if you start later you will also finish later, having the same time as before to finish all assigments. the solution for this is less homework every day.

Delayed School Start Time Associated With Improvements in Adolescent Behaviors

1.according to Judith A. Owens, M.D., M.P.H., of the Hasbro Children's Hospital, Providence, and colleagues with the 30 minute delay start the students showed a better behavior during school hours.

2. the studied 201 students from grades ninth to twelve that are froma high school in Rhode isalnd. those students had to complete a survey before and after the school time changed.

3."students reported significantly more satisfaction with sleep and experienced improved motivation. Daytime sleepiness, fatigue and depressed mood were all reduced. Most health-related variables, including Health Center visits for fatigue-related complaints, and class attendance also improved."

4.i do agree with these findings because with the more sleep you get the more concentrate and with better attitude you are throughout the whole day. your body is not that tired as before so it has more energy to do everyday.

Being A Night Owl In High School Is Linked With Lower College GPA

1. Jennifer Peszka, PhD, psychology department chair at Hendrix College in Conway, Ark.,

2. the study was based on the reaction of the students. it was based on 89 students (between 17 and 20 years old) preparing to begin their freshman year and 34 of those students as they completed their freshman year in college.

3. the findings were that "results indicate that evening types had significantly lower first year college GPA (2.84) than morning and intermediate types (3.18). These evening-type students showed a greater decrease in their GPA during the transition from high school to college”(Academy of Sleep).

4. in my opion the amount of sleep will reflect in some way in your GPA for college. and the changes in classes may affect some students with the new schedule in college. being and like an owl may affect your GPA grade. :s